9. Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of the Company’s outstanding stock option activity for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 is as follows:

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model, which requires several estimates including an estimate of the fair value of the underlying common stock on grant date. The expected volatility was based on an average of the historical volatility of the Company. The expected term was contractual life of option. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the option. The following weighted average assumptions were used in the calculation to estimate the fair value of options granted to employees and non-employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted stock options with an estimated fair value of approximately $0.2 million.

Schedule of Assumption used for Fair Value of Option

Of the 357,000 options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 60,000 were to non-executive members of the board of directors. Of the 1,190,889 options outstanding as of September 30, 2022, 355,000 were awarded to non-executive members of the board of directors.

Unrecognized stock-based compensation as of September 30, 2022, is as follows (in thousands):

Schedule of Unrecognized Stock-based Compensation